How a rune draw works

Twenty-four letters, three ættir, and one rune we leave out.

The idea

Runes were an alphabet before they were anything else. The oldest row, the Elder Futhark, has twenty-four letters used across Germanic Europe from roughly the second century, and its name comes from the sound of its first six: f, u, th, a, r, k. The row is traditionally grouped into three ættir of eight. Each rune carries a word as well as a sound — Fehu is cattle and so wealth, Isa is ice and so stillness, Jera is the year and so harvest — and drawing one is a way of putting a single word in front of yourself and sitting with it. Runes are terser than tarot by nature. That is the point of them.

How Bokki draws

Bokki holds all twenty-four in their traditional Elder Futhark order and draws with a seeded Fisher–Yates shuffle — the same machinery as the tarot engine, kept deliberately identical so neither pretends to be more mysterious than the other. The rune page draws three, and the seed is the day plus whatever you typed as your focus. That means two things worth knowing: the same question on the same day gives you the same three runes, and changing a word in your question changes the draw. Orientation is a second, separate hash, and about thirty percent of the runes that can turn do turn.

Eight runes can never fall reversed

A reversed rune only exists if the rune looks different upside down, and eight of the twenty-four do not: Gebo, Hagalaz, Isa, Jera, Eihwaz, Sowilo, Ingwaz and Dagaz read the same either way. Bokki marks those eight as symmetric in the data itself, and the draw is written so a symmetric rune is always upright — not filtered afterwards, but impossible in the first place. It is a small thing, and it is exactly the kind of small thing an app fakes when nobody is checking.

Merkstave, and the rune we refuse

A reversed rune is called merkstave, and in Bokki it reads as energy turned inward — a rest rather than a wall. We never write it as misfortune. We also do not include a twenty-fifth blank rune. That one was added by Ralph Blum in 1982, it caught on quickly, and it is a modern invention rather than part of the historical row — so it is not in our twenty-four, and now you know why. The wider honesty is this: rune divination as practised today is a twentieth-century reconstruction. The letters and the rune poems are old, the reading conventions are not, and they vary by author. So Bokki keeps each rune to a short keyword rather than inventing long verses and dressing them as tradition.

What Bokki does not do

It does not cast. Real rune casting scatters the pieces on a cloth and reads position, proximity and which way each one faces — that is a spatial reading, and we draw an ordered three instead, which is a different thing. It does not use the Younger Futhark of sixteen runes or the Anglo-Saxon futhorc of up to thirty-three, so this is one row, not all rows. It does not build bindrunes, it has nothing to do with galdr or any ritual practice, and it will not transliterate your name into runes and call the result your fate. And it never puts a number on you or on anyone else.

← Draw my three runes

Read next

Gematria — the number inside a name
Tarot — how the draw actually works

Questions people actually ask

How many runes are in the Elder Futhark?

Twenty-four, grouped into three ættir of eight. It is the oldest runic row, used across Germanic Europe from roughly the second century, and it was an alphabet before it was ever used for divination — the name comes from the sound of its first six letters: f, u, th, a, r, k. Bokki holds all twenty-four in that traditional order.

Can every rune fall reversed?

No. A reversed rune only exists if the shape looks different upside down, and eight of the twenty-four do not — Gebo, Hagalaz, Isa, Jera, Eihwaz, Sowilo, Ingwaz and Dagaz read the same either way. Bokki marks those eight as symmetric in the data and the draw is written so they can only come up upright, rather than being filtered out afterwards.

What does merkstave mean?

It is the word for a rune that falls reversed. Bokki reads it as energy turned inward — a rest or a pause rather than a wall — and never writes it as misfortune. About thirty percent of the runes that are able to turn do turn on any given draw, decided by a hash that is separate from the one that picks which runes you get.

Is there a blank rune?

Not in Bokki. The twenty-fifth blank rune was added by Ralph Blum in 1982 and spread quickly, but it is a modern addition rather than part of the historical row, so it is not among our twenty-four. The wider point is worth saying too: rune divination as practised today is a twentieth-century reconstruction, and reading conventions vary by author, which is why Bokki keeps each rune to a short keyword instead of inventing long verses.

Why do I get the same runes for the same question?

Because the seed is the day plus the focus you typed, so the same question on the same day gives you the same three runes, and changing a word changes the draw. Bokki uses a seeded shuffle, the same machinery as its tarot engine. It does not cast runes the traditional way — scattering them on a cloth and reading position and proximity — and it says so rather than dressing an ordered draw as a casting.

How rune casting works — the Elder Futhark, honestly | Bokki