What are the Ten Gods (십신)?

Ten names for how each letter in your chart stands toward you.

In plain words

A Saju chart is eight letters. One of those eight is you — the upper letter of the day you were born, called the day stem (일간). The Ten Gods are the names for how each of the other letters stands toward that one. There are five kinds of standing: what stands where you stand, what you make and send outward, what you handle and hold, what presses you into a shape, and what feeds and raises you.

Each of the five splits again by whether its yin-yang matches yours or not. Five times two is ten, and those ten are the Ten Gods. You do not have to memorise the names first. The ten collapse back into five plain sentences: friends who are also rivals (비겁), what you make and show (식상), what you hold in your hands (재성), the frame you sit inside (관성), and what feeds you (인성).

How Bokki computes it

The reference point is always the day stem, and only two things decide a name: how your element stands to the other element, and whether the yin-yang matches. Same element, matching yin-yang gives 比肩; same element, different yin-yang gives 劫財. The element your day stem generates gives 食神 and 傷官. The element your day stem controls gives 偏財 and 正財. The element that controls your day stem gives 偏官 (also called 七殺) and 正官. The element that generates your day stem gives 偏印 and 正印. That is the whole rule, and in Bokki it is six lines of code.

The Ten God on each pillar's upper letter comes straight from the perpetual calendar. On top of that Bokki measures force — how much weight has piled up in each of the five groups. A letter is not one vote. An upper letter counts 1. A lower letter is split across the stems hidden inside it: 子 is Water 1.0, while 丑 is Earth 0.6, Water 0.3, Metal 0.1. The month's lower letter gets three extra multiples, because the season is the chart's centre of gravity. If three lower letters form a full trine (삼합) their element gains 3 more; a half trine that includes the cardinal branch gains 1.5.

A worked example, run through the actual code. Born 15 May 1990 at 14:30 in Seoul, the four pillars come out 庚午 辛巳 庚辰 癸未. The day stem is 庚, yang Metal. The year's 庚 is the same Metal with the same yin-yang, so it is 比肩. The month's 辛 is the same Metal with the opposite yin-yang, so it is 劫財. The hour's 癸 is the Water that Metal generates, opposite yin-yang, so it is 傷官. Measured as force, that chart reads officer 46%, companion 30%, resource 14%, output 8%, wealth 3%.

How two questions compute all ten Ten GodsThe day stem here is 甲, yang Wood. Two questions decide every name: how the other letter's element stands to Wood — same element, Wood generates it, Wood controls it, it controls Wood, it generates Wood — and whether its yin-yang matches 甲. Same element: 甲 is 比肩 Companion, 乙 is 劫財 Rival. Wood generates Fire: 丙 is 食神 Creativity, 丁 is 傷官 Expression. Wood controls Earth: 戊 is 偏財 Windfall, 己 is 正財 Wealth. Metal controls Wood: 庚 is 偏官 Challenge, 辛 is 正官 Authority. Water generates Wood: 壬 is 偏印 Insight, 癸 is 正印 Support. Five relations times two polarities is ten — the list is computed, not memorised.day stem (me) · yang Woodme, met againelement relationsame yin-yangopposite yin-yangcompanion 比劫same element · Wood比肩Companion劫財Rivaloutput 食傷I generate · Fire食神Creativity傷官Expressionwealth 財星I control · Earth偏財Windfall正財Wealthofficer 官星controls me · Metal偏官Challenge (七殺)正官Authorityresource 印星generates me · Water偏印Insight正印Supportfive relations × two polarities = ten — the Ten Gods are computed, not listed

What we do not compute

We do not spell every lower letter out into Ten God names. The letters hidden inside a branch are counted as elemental weight only; we do not attach labels like “the Ten God of the middle hidden stem of your day branch.” Attaching a name means being able to defend it, and our calculation does not reach that far yet.

The hidden-stem weights (0.6 / 0.3 / 0.1) are not the exact day-shares of 월률분야. They keep the order right — which hidden letter is heaviest — but they are not a claim about how many days each one rules. Our source says so in the same words. It is a symbolic weight, not a score.

And we do not rank the Ten Gods as good or bad. “You have 七殺, so your road is rough” or “you have 正官, so you are destined for office” are sentences Bokki does not write. We name the seat; we do not grade the person.

Closing note — two questions decide all ten names

Put simply: every one of the ten names comes from asking two things about a letter — which of the five relations it holds to your day stem, and whether its yin-yang matches yours. Run the 1990-05-15 chart above and the year stem sorts into 比肩 while the hour stem sorts into 傷官, from the same six-line rule; weighed by force the same chart comes out officer 46%, companion 30%, resource 14%, output 8%, wealth 3%.

The weights are symbolic on purpose, not a claim to the day: an upper letter counts 1, a hidden stem takes 0.6 / 0.3 / 0.1 depending on how deep it sits, and the month branch alone carries triple weight. We stop short of naming every hidden stem and short of ranking any of the ten as lucky or unlucky — a Ten God says what a letter does, not whether having it is good news.

See the Ten Gods in my own chart

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Questions people actually ask

What are the Ten Gods in Saju?

They are the names for how each letter in your chart stands toward the upper letter of your birth day. There are five kinds of standing — peer, output, wealth, officer, resource — and each splits by whether its yin-yang matches yours, which is where the number ten comes from.

How is a Ten God decided?

By two things only: how your day-stem element stands to the other element in the five-phase cycle, and whether the yin-yang matches. Same element gives 比肩 or 劫財, what you generate gives 食神 or 傷官, what you control gives 偏財 or 正財, what controls you gives 偏官 or 正官, what generates you gives 偏印 or 正印.

Are some Ten Gods good and others bad?

Not in Bokki. Older popular writing treats 七殺 as harsh and 正官 as noble, but those are readings of a seat, not grades for a person. We name which seat is heavy in your chart and how strongly, and we do not rank the results or turn them into a score.

Can Bokki read the Ten Gods without my birth time?

Yes, for three of the four pillars. Year, month and day are exact without the hour, so their Ten Gods are exact too. If you leave the hour blank we leave the hour pillar empty and stay silent about anything that depends on it — we do not quietly fill in noon.